The primary resource utilize in Ethiopia vernacular architecture was bamboo, which was manipulated in different ways to enhance the development of different structures. The huge bamboo resources present in the Ethiopian environment eased access to the resource reducing the funds spend in the acquisition of materials. There are numerous natural bamboo forests in the country, which facilitated the development of the vernacular architecture in the region.
The two principal species of bamboo applied in construction are Oxytentra abyssinica and Yushania alpine (Dalbiso & Nuramo, 2019). Both species were utilized in the development of residential houses based on vernacular architecture. The architectural approach was based on the development of viable and responsive techniques that would assist in countering the different climatic limitations that were present in the environment and illustrate adaptability and flexibility to the changes. Therefore, the approach was more sustainable towards the development of the built architecture. However, the development of designs demanded proper understanding of the culture and social values of the individuals present in the region to explore and expand the capacities of the architectural development in agreement with the local culture.
Furthermore, the vernacular architecture in the country was less likely to consume energy, which was preserved since only minimal energy was demanded for the transport of the materials and acquisition from their natural environment. Moreover, the local availability of the materials enhanced the capacity of the form of architecture to cater to the needs of the local population. It offered an affordable approach to the development of architectural structures in the region.
On the other hand, the contemporary architecture in Ethiopia has been less focused on the cultures and social developments in the country. The approach has resulted in an increase in the tendency of architecture to adhere to different Western principles in its development. There is an increased emphasis on the application of metallic beams to support architectural structures and the development of a proper base and foundation for building and structures in the country.
Also, the contemporary architectural approach has been observed to adopt new materials, some of which are unavailable locally. There is an increased demand for architectural imports to enhance the capacity of the construction industry to create different structures in the country, including the development of suitable structures that adhere to the modern structural guidelines. In contrast to vernacular architecture, the utilization of space has been enhanced through embracing the need for high-rise buildings that cover greater areas and allow maximum occupation of individuals. Hence, the increase in population and expansion of urban centers has necessitated the approaches.
The discussion reveals the evolution of modern architecture in Ethiopia towards the adoption of materials and construction methods that adhere to the principles of architectural and civil development. Despite the increase in the costs, the proposed approach presents a viable method of improving the utilization of space and enhancing the strength and design of structures. Despite the improvements, it is evident that vernacular architectural methods of architecture in the region offer a more affordable approach to the local population, and one that adheres to the sociocultural dynamics of the region.
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